翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Operation Rising Sun ・ Operation River Falcon ・ Operation Riviresa ・ Operation Roast ・ Operation Robin ・ Operation ROBOT ・ Operation Robson ・ Operation Rock Avalanche ・ Operation Rockingham ・ Operation Rocky Top ・ Operation Roller Coaster ・ Operation Rolling Thunder ・ Operation Pike ・ Operation Pillar of Defense ・ Operation Pin ・ Operation Pincushion ・ Operation Pipe Dreams ・ Operation Piranha ・ Operation Pistol ・ Operation Pitsford ・ Operation Placid ・ Operation Planet X ・ Operation Platinum Fox ・ Operation Platypus ・ Operation Pleshet ・ Operation Pliers ・ Operation Plowshare ・ Operation Plumbat ・ Operation Plumbbob ・ Operation Plunder Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Operation Pincushion ： ウィキペディア英語版 Operation Pincushion Operation ''Pincushion'' was a covert training program for hill tribe recruits to become guerrilla soldiers during the Laotian Civil War. Run by United States Special Forces and funded by the Central Intelligence Agency, it trained 12 companies of irregulars in southern Laos between December 1961 and September 1962. These guerrilla forces were near the Ho Chi Minh Trail, and intended to secure the Royal Lao Government's hold on the Bolovens Plateau. Although copied from the CIA's Operation ''Momentum'', the Green Berets' training program ran with limited success, due to cultural influences in the recruits' backgrounds. The adoption of the International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos in July 1962 doomed Operation ''Pincushion'', as it called for withdrawal of all foreign troops from the Kingdom of Laos by October of the same year. Pincushion training ended 14 September 1962 and the Green Beret trainers then withdrew from Laos. ==Background== The Kingdom of Laos emerged from the First Indochina War independent of the French, but in a state of chaos. Even as the French pulled out of Laos, the Americans took up their advisory role to the Royal Lao Government through such agencies as the Programs Evaluation Office. Meanwhile, Vietnamese communists and Lao communists were active in Laos, sowing discontent against the government. The government itself was in turmoil, as various Lao military officers and politicians scrambled for positions of power. The American government became convinced that Laos could not be allowed to fall under communist control, lest other countries in Southeast Asia follow suit.〔Conboy, Morrison, pp. 13–44.〕 In January 1961, Central Intelligence Agency case officer James William Lair founded the Operation ''Momentum'' training program in northern Laos for Hmong guerrillas. In the following three months, Momentum raised an irregular army of 5,000 Hmong. The first 2,000 Momentum recruits were funded through Department of Defense monies channeled through the Programs Evaluation Office in the U.S. Embassy, even though Momentum was a CIA project.〔Conboy, Morrison, pp. 61–66.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Operation Pincushion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.